Small renal masses (SRMs), typically less than 4cm in diameter, are increasingly identified due to frequent use of imaging tests. While often associated with renal cell carcinoma, approximately 20-30% of SRMs are benign. The risk of malignancy increases with the mass's size, patient's age, and gender. Diagnosis is usually via imaging studies, but histological examination post-surgery or biopsy provides a definitive diagnosis.

Management of SRMs has evolved, with the trend moving from radical nephrectomy (entire kidney removal) to nephron-sparing surgery, like partial nephrectomy, preserving as much healthy kidney tissue as possible.

Robotic partial nephrectomy (RPN) has emerged as a popular option. Using a high-tech robotic system, the surgeon gets enhanced dexterity and control, offering precise tumor removal and minimal damage to surrounding tissue. RPN usually results in lower blood loss, shorter hospital stays, quicker recovery, and similar cancer control rates.

However, the procedure's success heavily depends on the surgeon's skill and experience. A surgeon with extensive experience in robotic surgery can decrease complications and improve outcomes. Patients are advised to ask their surgeon about their experience and success rates with the procedure. Multidisciplinary teams, including urologists, radiologists, and pathologists, ensure comprehensive care.